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Rosin M, Benjamin P, Rogers P, Gibson M, van Leuven F, Johnson NW, Curtis M (1995)
 We have determined the amount of comlexed alpha-2-macroglobulin (com2M) and the total amount of 2M (tot2M) in samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) harvested from shallow and deep sites in adult periodontitis (AP) patients. Tot2M was also determined in a sample of veneous blood taken from each patient before the first of six examinations. An ELISA technique was developed to measure com2M and tot2M in the same sample utilizing a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for the comlexed form of 2M. A fluorometric technique was used to measure proteases activities against human serum albumin (HSA), transferrin (Trans) and Na-Benzoyl-L-arginine-7-amido-4-methyl-cuomarin-hydrochloride (BAAMc) which were determined in a second GCF sample from the same site. The mean com2M was the same in GCF from shallow (0.76 g/l 0.39) and deep sites (0.76 g/l 0.36) and the amount of tot2M in shallow sites (0.81 g/l 0.42) was statistically not different from the amount of tot2M in deep sites (0.88 g/l 0.49). The com2M values represented about the same percentage of tot2M in GCF from shallow (71.14% 29.13) and deep sites (68.17% 28.5). Plasma and GCF 2M levels were positively correlated (p = 0.0163) only in the highly inflamed group when the sites were classified according to their bleeding on probing records (BOP) records. Furthermore we observed a significant positive correlation between tot2M and Prot1 (p = 0.002) and Prot2 (p = 0.005) in GCF from deep sites but not from shallow sites. When all sites were classified according to the clinical indices a significant positive correlation between tot2M and Prot 1 (p = 0.014) and Prot2 (p = 0.002) could be established when there was a hihg level of inflammation (i.e. BOP grade 3). Com2M was positively correlated with Prot1 (p = 0.015) and Prot2 (p = 0.031) only in deep sites whereas in shallow sites no relationsship between com2M and protease activities could be observed. Our results suggest that other factors beside vascular leakage may govern the amount of tot2M in GCF and that protease activities in GCF may only in part explain for the high percentage of com2M. The high level of 2M inactivation in GCF from AP patients reported here may have significance in view of various immunomodulating mechanisms associated with the different forms of 2M.
Rosin M, Hanschke M, Splieth C, Kramer A (1999)
The purpose of the present investigation was to study the suitability of the salivary activity of lysozyme and salivary peroxidase for monitoring the inflammatory state of the gingiva. Salivary peroxidase and lysozyme activities in resting whole saliva were measured in a group of 140 male subjects (aged 18 - 30 years). A full mouth clinical assessment of the plaque index (PI) and the sulcus bleeding index (SBI) was made and GCF flow was measured at teeth 16, 12, 24, 36, 32 and 44 with the Periotron 6000. There were no significant differences in the mean values between groups with different PI, SBI and GCF flow values. Statistically significant correlations were found among the clinical parameters, with SBI and PI showing the strongest relation (r = 0.47). The correlation between GCF flow and PI was higher (r = 0.43) than the correlation between GCF flow and SBI (r = 20). There were no statistically significant correlations between the activities of salivary peroxide and lysozyme and the clinical measures of gingival health.
Splieth C, Rosin M, Brecke T (1999)
 Ziel dieser Studie war die Überprüfung der Effektivität der Kariesentfernung mit CarisolvTM im Vergleich zur konventionellen Exkavation mit Rosenbohrern. Bei jeweils 12 extrahierten, bleibenden Zähnen mit Dentinkaries wurde diese mit CarisolvTM laut Herstelleranweisung entfernt bzw. mit dem Rosenbohrer exkaviert. In beiden Gruppen wurde die Behandlung nach ausreichender Sondierungshärte beendet. Von den behandelten Zähnen wurden nach Einbettung Dünnschliffpräparate mit einer Schichtstärke von 400 µm angefertigt, mit einem Kariesdetektor gefärbt und nach 60 s abgesprüht. Unter dem Auflichtmikroskop wurden die Präparate mit einer Videokamera als Standbilder auf PC/analySIS übertragen und verarbeitet. Die angefärbten Flächen und die Längen der behandelten Kavitätenränder wurden vermessen und miteinander ins Verhältnis gesetzt, woraus sich die durchschnittliche Verfärbungsbreite pro Zahn ergab. Die mit CarisolvTM behandelten Zähne wiesen eine signifikant höhere durchschnittliche Verfärbungsbreite (57,3 µm, s = 38,5) auf als die mit dem Rosenbohrer (31,7 µm, s = 19,8) exkavierten Zähne (t-Test, p < 0,05). REM-Aufnahmen zeigten, daß der gemessene Unterschied von etwa 25 µm zumindest zum Teil durch eine Erhöhung der Farbstoffpenetration nach CarisolvTM-Anwendung bedingt war, während der Rosenbohrer eine undurchlässigere Schmierschicht hinterließ. Klinisch ist ein Unterschied von 1/40 mm bei der Kariesentfernung nicht relevant. Die Effektivität der chemisch-mechanischen Kariesentfernung mit CarisolvTM könnte damit der konventionellen Exkavation von Dentinkaries gleichkommen.
CarisolvTM (MediTeam AG) is designed to remove carious dentin chemomechanically instead of mechanically using conventional round burs. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of chemomechanical caries removal with CarisolvTM compared to mechanical removal with round burs. Carious dentin in 12 extracted permanent teeth each was removed with CarisolvTM according to the manufacturer`s instructions or round burs. In both groups, treatment was monitored by checking the hardness of the dentin with a dental explorer, and stopped when clinically sufficient hardness was reached. The teeth were embedded, sectioned (400 µm), stained with Caries finder for 60 s and cleaned with air-water spray. The microscope images (7x) of the samples were scanned with a video camera into a PC/analySIS. The stained surface and the width of the carious defect were measured for each sample and the mean depth of the staining was calculated. Teeth treated with CarisolvTM had a significantly higher mean depth of staining (57.3 µm, s = 38.5) than teeth subjected to conventional caries removal using the round bur (31.7 µm, s = 19.8, t-Test, p < 0.05). Further studies must investigate whether this difference is remaining caries or is caused by better penetration of dye after using CarisolvTM, while the round burs leaves a denser, blocking smear layer. A difference of about 25 µm dentin removal does not seem to be clinically relevant. Thus, the efficacy of chemomechanical caries removal with CarisolvTM could be equivalent to conventional excavation using round burs.
Splieth C, Rosin M, Kuusela S, Honkala E (1999)
Mit dem Kariesrückgang bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland ist zu erwarten, daß sich die Erkrankungs- und Therapiemuster ändern. Ziel der Studie war es daher, den Kariesbefall und das Therapiespektrum zu Beginn der 90er Jahre zu erfassen. In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden die Behandlungsunterlagen von 196 Kindern (geb. 1983) aus 5 Praxen und einer Universitätszahnklinik für das 6. bis 12. Lebensjahr (1989-95) nach Füllungen, Versiegelungen, Wurzelbehandlungen und Extraktionen aufgearbeitet.
Im Alter von 12 Jahren wiesen die Kinder durchschnittlich 2,7 DMFT (s = 2,4) auf, was den Ergebnisssen regionaler, repräsentativer Studien annähernd entsprach (2,1 - 3,5 DMFT) [17]. Die Werte für die Einzelpraxen variierten ebenso stark (0,6 - 3,6 DMFT) wie das Leistungsspektrum. Der Kariesbefall fand zu 55 % in den Fissuren und Grübchen der 6-Jahres-Molaren statt und wurde mehrheitlich im Seitenzahnbereich mit Amalgam versorgt (77 %). Seit 1993 wurden die verbleibenden, kariesfreien 6er und die durchbrechenden 7er häufig versiegelt (75 % bzw. 20 %). Die Füllungsraten für Frontzähne, Prämolaren und Approximalflächen der Molaren stiegen mit zunehmendem Alter konstant. Die Erneuerungsrate für Füllungen lag bei 7,2 %, für Versiegelungen bei 16 %. Wurzelfüllungen (7) und Extraktionen (21) von ersten permanenten Molaren waren in 2 Praxen und der Universität regelmäßig erforderlich.
Bei Kindern zwischen dem 6. und 12. Lebensjahr erfolgte Anfang der 90er Jahre mehrheitlich eine "klassische" Kariestherapie mit Amalgamfüllungen für Molaren, aber auch Wurzelbehandlungen und Extraktionen. Die Versiegelungen kamen für die 1995 12jährigen mehrheitlich zu spät. Vor dem Zeitpunkt der Einführung der Individualprophylaxe als Kassenleistung bestanden zwischen den verschiedenen Praxen erhebliche Unterschiede bezüglich des Kariesbefalls und des Behandlungsspektrums.
The caries decline documented in German children for the last 8 years has most likely influenced the caries distribution and treatment patterns. The aim of this study was to gather more information on the patterns of the remaining caries and its treatment in children for the beginning of the 1990s. In a retrospective study, the dental records (1989-95) of 196 children (born 1983) from 5 private practices and a university clinic were analysed (PC/SPSS 7.5) for caries, sealants, fillings, endodontic treatment, and extractions in the permanent dentition.
At the age of 12 yrs (1995) the children had an average of 2.7 DMFT (d = 2.4), which is in the range of regional representative surveys (2.1 - 3.5 DMFT) [17]. The DMFT values (0.6 - 3.6) and the treatment patterns, e.g., extractions (0 - 0.4 MT), of the practices differed considerably. The majority of the caries occurred in the pits and fissures of 6-yr molars (55 %, n = 355), and they were filled with amalgam (77 %). Since 1993, when sealants became a free-of-charge item in the National Health System, the remaining caries-free first molars and erupting second molars were often sealed (75 % and 20 %, respectively). Filling rates on all surfaces of the permanent dentition - apart from the occlusal surface of the 6-yr molars - rose constantly until 1995. 7.2 % of all fillings and 16 % of the sealants were replacements. Endodontic treatment (7) and extractions of first permanent molars (21) were performed routinely in 2 practices and at the university clinic.
Splieth C, Steffen H, Rosin M, Welk A (2000)
As part of the Children´s Dental Health in Europe Project, 5- and 12-year-old children from one urban area each were examined in eight EU countries in 1994. 400 randomly selected German children from Berlin-Neukölln were screened for caries prevalance and their dental treatment needs out of which the costs for treatment were calculated. The German data from Berlin-Neukölln showed high caries prevalence for the 5-year-olds (2.99 dmft/ 6.1 dmfs) and high treatment needs, while the DMF-values for the 12-year-olds and their treatment needs were lower (2.58 DMFT/4.1 DMFS) which is in accordance with representative cross-sectional surveys. Caries prevalence measured on a tooth (dmft/DMFT) and surfaces level (dmfs/DMFS) correlated to a high degree (r > 0.92; Spearman correlation, p < 0.01), as treatment needs and costs did (r > 0.87; p < 0.01). The correlation between caries prevalence and treatment needs was high for 5-year-olds only (r > 0.74; p < 0.01), whereas the number of untreated caries (ds/DS) correlated well with the treatment needs in both age groups (r = 0.91 and 0.95, respectively; p < 0.01). A rough estimate of treatment needs and costs could be concluded from the d-/D-component of the DMF-Index. But an index of treatment needs seems to be useful for detailed public health planning.
Rosin M, Splieth C, Wilkens M, Meyer G (2000)
Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the effect of varying the cement type on the retention of a prefabricated tapered titanium post with a self-cutting double thread (Perma-tex <activ>). Methods: A total of 130 suitable roots from extracted human permanent teeth were selected. Post holes were prepared using the instruments supplied with the post system. One-hundred twenty posts (medium size) were luted with one of four luting agents: a zinc-phosphate cement (Harvard), a glass-ionomer cement (Ketac Cem), a compomer luting agent (Dyract Cem), and a new capsulated composite luting system (Compolute). The cement groups were subdivided into three treatment groups with 10 posts each: group 1 (4-week water storage at 37°C), group 2 (4-week water storage at 37°C, 4000 cycles 5°-55°C), group 3 (4-week water storage at 37°C, 4000 cycles 5°-55°C, 3 x 4 min mechanical stress: 40 N vibrations). Another 10 posts inserted without cement and stored like group 1 served as a control. Retention was measured on a universal testing machine (Zwick Z050/TH3A) with a crosshead speed of 0.1 cm/min. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with a Bonferroni or Tamhane adjustment for multiple comparisons (significance level a = 0.05). Results: In group 1, Dyract Cem was significantly more retentive than the other three cements and the control group (no cement). In group 2, Compolute demonstrated significantly higher retention than Harvard and Ketac Cem. In group 3, Compolute, Dyract Cem, and Ketac Cem obtained higher retentive values than Harvard without differing from one another. Within the cement groups, thermocycling (group 2) caused a significant decrease in retention compared to group 1 only for Dyract Cem. All cements except Compolute were different from group 1 after a combination of thermocycling and mechanical stress (group 3). Conclusions: The retention of the tapered post with a self-cutting double thread was significantly influenced by the cement type used.
Rosin M, Heck K (2000)
Ziel der Studie war es, die Wirkungsweise von Sandpapierscheiben bei der mechanischen Berabeitung von Rändern gegossener Restaurationen zu klären und bei Verwendung verschiedener Legierungstypen (mittelhart, hart, extrahart) zu untersuchen. Die 0,2% Dehngrenze, Bruchdehnung, Zugfestigkeit und Korngröße der 5 Legierungen (JRVT, JRVT-PF, Degulor S, Degulor C, Degunorm) wurden an zahntechnisch verarbeitetn Prüfkörpern bestimmt. Je Legierung wurde eine Teilkrone auf einen extrahierten Molar zementiert und mit den Sandpapierscheiben bearbeitet. Die Evaluierung des Finierverfahrens erfolgte anhand von REM-Aufnahmen der einzelnen Bearbeitungsschritte und anhand von metallographischen Schliffen. Die Legierungen Degulor C, JRVT und JRVT-PF hatten eine deutlich höhere Bruchdehnung als Degulor C und Degunorm, die wiederum die höchste Dehngrenze und größte Feinkörnigkeit aufwiesen. Die Bearbeitung mit Sandpapierscheiben führte bei allen Legierungen zu einem vergleichbaren Ergebnis.
Burnishing and finishing with sandpaper disks on different types of alloys. The purpose of this study was to clarify the mode of action of sandpaper disks during mechanical adjustment of the margins of cast restorations, and to examine whether this was influenced by the type of alloy used (medium-hard, hard, extra-hard). The 0.2% yield strength, elongation at fracture, tensile strength, and grain size of the 5 alloys (JRVT, JRVT-PF, Degulor S, Degulor C, Degunorm) were determined on laboratory-manufactured specimens. For each alloy, a partial crown was cemented onto an extracted molar and finished with the sandpaper disks. The burnishing and finishing process was evaluated with SEM images of the individual steps involved and with metallographically ground sections. The alloys Degulor C, JRVT, and JRVT-PF had a markedly higher tensile breaking point than Degulor C and Degunorm, which in their turn exhibited the highest deformation point and were the finest grained. Burnishing and finishing with sandpaper disks yielded comparable results in all alloy types tested.
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Rosin M, Kocher T, Kramer A (2001)
A 10-week, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical study on 140 male subjects was conducted to determine the effect on plaque and gingivitis of five dentifrices containing various thiocyanate (SCN-)/ hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) combinations. The dentifrices consisted of a gel base without any detergents or abrasives (placebo, group A) to which SCN- and/ or H2O2 were added as follows: 0.1% SCN- (group B), 0.5% SCN- (group C), 0.1% SCN-/ 0.1% H2O2 (group D), 0.5% SCN-/0.1% H2O2 (group E) and 0.1% H2O2 (group F). A baseline examination was performed in which the Silness and Löe Plaque Index (PI), the Mühlemann and Son Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI), and the amount of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were recorded using the Periotron 6000 on teeth 16, 12, 24, 36, 32, and 44. The subjects were randomly assigned to either the placebo group (n = 40) or one of the test groups (n = 20) and used their respective dentifrices over a period of 8 weeks. Finally, each group used the placebo for another 2 weeks (wash-out). Re-examinations were performed after 1, 4, and 8 weeks and the 2-week wash-out period employing the clinical parameters used at baseline. Intragroup changes were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, using the baseline and wash-out points as references. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons between the treatment groups and the placebo group. The PI declined from baseline in group E after 1 (p = 0.009), 4 (p = 0.017) and 8 weeks (p = 0.005), and in group F after 8 weeks (p = 0.003). At 8 weeks, the PI in group E (p = 0.001) and group F (p = 0.005) was reduced as compared to baseline. Compared to baseline values, reductions in SBI were observed in group B after 1 (p = 0.018) and 8 weeks (p = 0.029), in group C after 4 weeks (p = 0.014), in group D after 1 week (p = 0.046), and in group E after 1 (p = 0.010), 4 (p = 0.006), and 8 weeks (p = 0.000). After 8 weeks, the SBI in group E was lower than in the placebo group (p = 0.047). The results demonstrated that a dentifrice containing 0.5% SCN- and 0.1% H2O2 but no detergents or abrasives inhibited plaque and decreased gingivitis.
Rosin M, Fleissner P, Welk A, Steffen H, Heine B (2001)
Objectives: The combination of an individually cast core and a prefabricated metal post is one of the many techniques to restore endodontically treated teeth. The surface characteristics of commercially available posts vary considerably and likely influence retention. In this study, the surface configuration of 11 castable prefabricated post systems and their retention at the post-cement interface were investigated. Method and Materials: Scanning electron microscopic photos were made to assess surfaces of the posts. Etchant residues or applied surface layers were also analyzed with an electron beam microprobe. For the retention measurements, 6 posts from each system were cemented in artificial root canals with a zinc phosphate cement. Retention was measured on a universal testing machine. Results: ANOVA and the R-E-G-W F test revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in retention between posts; these differences were related to the microstructure of the surfaces of the posts. In general, the coarser the surfaces, the better the retention. Gold plating of the etched surface for one manufacturer resulted in less retention compared to posts of the same type and size that were not plated. Conclusion: The surface configuration of a post should be an important factor when selecting a prefabricated post system.
Rosin M, Welk A, Bernhardt O, Ruhnau M, Kocher T, Kramer A (2001)
Objectives: For various clinical applications, polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) has been used for many years as an antiseptic in medicine. Little is known, however, of its antibacterial activity in the oral cavity and its ability to inhibit plaque formation. In this study, a 0.04% PHMB mouthrinse (A) was compared with a negative control placebo rinse (10% ethanol, flavour) (B) and 2 positive control chlorhexidine rinses, one of which was a 0.12% aqueous solution (C) and the other a commercially available mouthrinse (Skinsept mucosa) diluted to a chlorhexidine concentration of 0.12% (D). Material and Methods: The study was a double-blind, randomised four replicate 4 x 4 Latin square cross-over design. Plaque regrowth was assessed with the Turesky et al. (1970) modification of the Quigley & Hein plaque index. The in vivo antibacterial effect was assessed by taking bacterial counts from the tooth surface (smears from the lingual surface of 16) and mucosa (smears from the buccal mucosa) 4 h after the first rinse with the preparations on day 1 and prior to the clinical examination on day 5. Sixteen volunteers participated and on day 1 of each study period were rendered plaque-free, ceased toothcleaning, and rinsed 2 x daily with the allocated mouthrinse. On day 5, plaque was scored and smears were collected according to the protocol. Washout periods were 9 days. Data were analysed using ANOVA with Tukey HSD adjustment for multiple comparisons (significance level a = 0.05). Results: Mouthrinses A, C, and D were significantly more effective in inhibiting plaque than the placebo (B). Mouthrinse C was significantly better than mouthrinses A and D, while mouthrinses D and A were equally effective in inhibiting plaque. Bacterial count reductions on the tooth surface with mouthrinse C were significantly greater compared to mouthrinse A and the placebo (B). The reduction of bacterial counts on the mucosa with C was significantly greater than with A and B after 4 hours and significantly greater than with A, B and D after 5 days. Mouthrinse A reduced bacteria on the mucosa significantly more effectively than the placebo (B) after 4 hours and 5 days, while mouthrinse D was more effective than the placebo (B) after 4 hours. Conclusion: The results indicate that a 0.04% PHMB mouthwash inhibits plaque regrowth and reduces oral bacterial counts, and may be used in preventive applications in the oral cavity.
Rosin M, Splieth Ch, Hessler M, Gärtner Ch, Kordaß B, Kocher T (2002):
Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the suitability of measuring volume differences in the gingival tissue for monitoring changes in the inflammatory status of the gingiva. Materials and Methods: Data for this investigation were obtained from a mouthrinse evaluation which was performed as a 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in which localised experimental gingivitis was induced. 24 volunteers were enrolled in the study. Only the data from the placebo period of each subject were used in the current investigation. During the plaque accumulation periods, plaque guards were worn during routine performance of oral hygiene measures to prevent any plaque removal from the experimental area (1st and 2nd premolars and molars in one upper quadrant). Clinical examinations with assessment of plaque and gingivitis were performed on days 0, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42. Volume differences in the gingival papillae were determined between day 0 and days 21, 28, and 42, and between days 28 and 42 by taking measurements from replicas of the respective clinical situations using a 3-D laser scanner and reference-free automated 3-D superimposition software. Data were analysed with the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Results: Plaque accumulation in the experimental area resulted in a highly significant increase (p < 0.001) of inflammation of the gingival papillae. The mean (standard deviation) papillary GI at baseline was 0.23 (0.34) as compared to 1.22 (0.27) and 1.2 (0.31) on days 21 and 28, respectively. The mean increase in volume of all papillae as compared to baseline was 25,478 µm3 after 21 days and 24,210 µm3 after 28 days. After resuming a normal oral hygiene regimen, mean volume of the papillae decreased between day 28 and day 42 by 19,250 µm3. Conclusion: With this novel method, gingival papillary edema can be quantified in vivo from replicas of the clinical situation.
Rosin M, Welk A, Kocher T, Majic-Todt A, Kramer A, Pitten FA (2002)
Objectives: For various clinical applications, polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) has been used for many years as an antiseptic in medicine. Recently, a 0.04% PHMB mouthwash was shown to inhibit plaque regrowth and to reduce oral bacterial counts. In this study, a 0.12% PHMB mouthrinse (A) was compared with a negative control placebo rinse (10% ethanol, flavour) (B), a positive control 0.12% chlorhexidine rinse (C), and a commercially available mouthrinse containing essential oils (ListerineÒ) (D). Materials and Methods: The study was a double-blind, randomised four-replicate 4 x 4 Latin square cross-over design in which plaque regrowth was measured. The in-vivo antibacterial effect was assessed by taking bacterial counts from the tooth surface and mucosa 4 h after the first rinse with the preparations on day 1 and prior to the clinical examination on day 5. Sixteen volunteers participated and, on day 1 of each study period, were rendered plaque-free, ceased toothcleaning, and rinsed 2x daily with the allocated mouthrinse. On day 5, plaque was scored and smears were collected according to the protocol. Washout periods were 9 days. Data were analysed using ANOVA with Bonferroni HSD adjustment for multiple comparisons (significance level a = 0.05).Results: The 0.12% PHMB mouthrinse (A) was significantly more effective in inhibiting plaque than the placebo (B) but no significant differences could be observed between A and 0.12% chlorhexidine (C), or between A and ListerineÒ (D). Bacterial count reductions on the tooth surface with PHMB (A) were significantly greater compared to the placebo (B) after 4 hours and significantly greater compared to B and D after 5 days. Chlorhexidine (C) was more effective than A after 5 days. On the mucosa, chlorhexidine (C) was significantly more effective in reducing bacterial counts than the other 3 treatments at both time points investigated. PHMB (A) was significantly more effective in reducing bacterial counts than the placebo (B) after 4 hours and after 5 days, and than D after 4 hours. Conclusion: Consistent with a previous study, a PHMB mouthrinse was shown to inhibit plaque recolonisation and to reduce oral bacterial counts, indicating that PHMB may find applications in the prevention of plaque-associated diseases.
Rosin M, Urban A, Gärtner Ch, Splieth Ch, Meyer G (2002)
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the relationship between polymerization shrinkage and microleakage in dentin-bordered restorations. Methods: Four light-cured restorative materials in combination with their respective dental bonding agents (DBA) were investigated: Tetric Ceram/ Syntac classic (Vivadent), Solitaire/ Gluma Solid bond (Heraeus Kulzer), Definite/ Etch & Prime 3.0 (Degussa), Solitaire 2/ Gluma Solid bond (Heraeus Kulzer). The chemically cured resin Degufill sc microhybrid (Degussa) in combination with ART Bond (Coltène) was also included. Polymerization shrinkage of the restorative materials was measured using three different methods (dilatometer, linometer, buoyancy method) and analyzed with ANOVA. For the determination of microleakage, caries-free human molars were embedded in acrylic resin and subsequently abraded with a wet abrasion machine to produce four level dentin surfaces. One hundred sixty cavities (3 mm diameter/ 1.5 mm deep) were randomly assigned to 4 groups of equal size. The groups were restored without (group 1 and 2) and with DBA (group 3 and 4), and either not subjected (group 1 and 3) or subjected (group 2 and 4) to 2000 cycles from 5°-55°C. Each group was further divided into five material subgroups of 8 cavities each. Microleakage was determined using a dye penetration test assessed at depths of 200, 400 and 600 µm into the fillings. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney test. Results: All three methods of measuring polymerization shrinkage (PS) generated the same, statistically secured ranking for the four light-cured restorative materials: PS Definite < PS Tetric Ceram < PS Solitaire 2 < PS Solitaire. In the microleakage study, only a few statistically significant differences were observed. Etch & Prime 3.0/Definite in group 3 and Solid Bond/Solitaire 2 in group 4 tended to exhibit the least microleakage. Correlation coefficients between aggregated shrinkage and microleakage data were 0.3 for group 3 and -0.2 for group 4. Significance: The results do not suggest any correlation between polymerization shrinkage and microleakage in dentin of direct adhesive restorations.
Rosin M, Kramer A, Bradtke D, Richter G, Kocher T (2002)
Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the gingival health benefits of a thiocyanate/ carbamide peroxide toothpaste to that of a triclosan toothpaste in home use. Materials and Methods: The study was a two-centre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial, and consisted of a 2-week pre-experimental phase, followed by an experimental period of 6 months. A total of 140 healthy male and female volunteers (70 per group) who had at least 20 natural teeth with no probing depths greater than 5 mm and a mean gingival index (GI) of 1 or more at screening were admitted to the study. The two products were the test toothpaste (RCP) containing 0.5% SCN- (rhodanide), carbamide peroxide (equivalent 0.1% H2O2), and 1450 ppm fluoride, and a control toothpaste (Colgate Total®) containing 0.3% triclosan, 2.0% PVM/ MA, and 1450 ppm fluoride (Triclosan). In the pre-experimental phase, all subjects used a fluoride toothpaste. Plaque (Turesky et al. 1970) and gingivitis (Löe & Silness 1963) were scored prior to beginning the pre-experimental phase, at baseline, and after 6 weeks and 3 and 6 months. Results: In both the RCP and the Triclosan group, gingival health improved significantly between baseline and the following examinations. Plaque scores decreased significantly between baseline and 6 months in both groups. There were, however, no significant differences between the groups for either gingival index or plaque index. Conclusion: To conclude, this study seems to verify that in normal home use, a toothpaste containing a combination of thiocyanate and carbamide peroxide is as effective in reducing gingival inflammation and supragingival plaque formation as a benchmark control product.
Rosin M, Steffen H ,Konschake C, Greese U, Teichmann D, Hartmann A, Meyer G (2003)
Abstract The purpose of this ongoing prospective long-term study was to evaluate the clinical performance of an ORMOCERÒ restorative material in combination with a self conditioning adhesive. 356 restorations (48 class I, 150 class II, 63 class III, 32 class IV and 63 class V) in 117 patients (age range from 17 to 65 years) were placed by 5 operators at 5 clinics. All fillings were placed with cotton roll isolation and using clear matrix bands for class III and IV restorations, and metal matrix bands and an incremental placement technique for class II restorations. Follow-up examinations took place after 6 and 12 months whereby modified Ryge criteria were recorded on all restorations. With 33 randomly selected class I and II restorations, measurements of occlusal wear (3-D laser scanner) and a qualitative and quantitative marginal analysis (scanning electron microscope) were performed using a replica technique. After placing the fillings, patients reported post-operative hypersensitivity corresponding to B scores in 19 cases and to C scores in 4 cases. At the 12-month recall, 328 restorations were available for evaluation. The cumulative number of losses in the 5 cavity classes (I, II, III, IV, V) and the percentages of scores for the clinical parameters in the 4 categories (Alpha, Beta, Charlie, Delta) of the retained restorations were: loss (-/ 2/ -/ 1/ 6), marginal integrity (94.7/ 5/ 0.3/ -), marginal discoloration (81.2/ 18.8/ -/ -), anatomic form (75.2/ 24.8/ -/ -) and fracture (95/ 4.7/ 0.3/ -). The marginal analysis showed 48.7% “continuous margin” initially and 17.7% at 12 months (difference statistically significant (a = 0.05)). The occlusal wear at 12 months was 10.0 (11.6) µm for premolars and 22.0 (24.1) µm for molars. Over the 12-month observation period, the ORMOCERÒ restorative in combination with a self-conditioning adhesive was clinically effective, with concerns related to marginal quality and to retention of class V restorations.
Rosin M, Kähler ST, Hessler M, Schwahn Ch, Kuhr A, Kocher T
Objectives: The pharmacodynamic properties of ibuprofen are related nearly exclusively to the S (+) enantiomer (dexibuprofen). This study investigated the effect of a 1.5 % dexibuprofen mouthrinse in an experimentally induced gingivitis. Materials & Methods: The trial was a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 2-period and 2-sequence parallel group cross-over study in 24 healthy volunteers aged 21 to 30 (16 males, 8 females). Customised guards were worn during toothbrushing to prevent any plaque removal from the experimental area (1st and 2nd premolars and molars in one upper quadrant). After 22 days of plaque accumulation, the mouthrinses (1.5% dexibuprofen and placebo) were administered under supervision 3-times daily (rinsing for 1 min with 15 ml) for 8 days. The wash-out time between the 2 study periods was 14 days. Parameters evaluated at days 0, 7, 14, 22, and 30 were the Löe & Silness gingival index (GI) and the Quigley & Hein plaque index (QHI). Data were tested for treatment, period, and carry-over effects (parametric cross-over analysis). Results: There was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.240) in GI between placebo and Dexibuprofen. However, the decrease in QHI was significantly greater (p = 0.019) with dexibuprofen as compared to the placebo. Conclusion: In the present study, an 1.5 % dexibuprofen mouthrinse had no effect on gingivitis whereas an anti-plaque effect was demonstrated.
M. Rosin, Ch. Schwahn, B. Kordaß, C. Konschake, U. Greese, D. Teichmann, A. Hartmann, G. Meyer
A multi-practice clinical evaluation of an ORMOCERÒ restorative - 2 year results
Objectives This ongoing prospective study evaluates the clinical performance of an ORMOCERÒ restorative material (DefiniteÒ, Degussa, Hanau, Germany) in combination with a self-conditioning adhesive (Etch & Prime 3.0, Degussa). Method and Materials 356 restorations (48 class I, 150 class II, 63 class III, 32 class IV and 63 class V) in 117 patients (17 to 65 years) were placed by 5 operators at 5 centres. Fillings were placed with cotton roll isolation using clear matrix bands for class III and IV and metal matrix bands for class II restorations. Follow-ups took place after 6, 12 and 24 months whereby modified Ryge criteria were recorded. With 33 randomly selected class I and II restorations, measurements of occlusal wear (3-D laser scanner) and marginal analyses (scanning electron microscope) were done using replicas. Results At 24 months, 307 restorations were available for evaluation. The cumulative number of losses in the 5 cavity classes (I, II, III, IV, V) and the percentages of scores for the clinical parameters in the 4 categories (Alfa, Beta, Charlie, Delta) of the retained restorations were: loss (1/ 6/ -/ 2/ 7), marginal integrity (93.1/ 6.9/-/-), marginal discoloration (73.5/ 25.5/ 1/ -), anatomic form (82.8/17.2/-/-) and fracture (93.1/ 6.9/-/ -). Marginal analysis showed 48.7% “continuous margin” initially and 13.2% at 24 months (difference statistically significant, a = 0.05). Occlusal wear at 24 months was 12.3 µm for premolars and 21.4 µm for molars. Conclusions The overall clinical performance of the ORMOCERÒ restorative over 24months was acceptable with concerns related to marginal quality and to retention of class V restorations.
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